#137 Guest Post on the Munsell Color Blog

Check out my post on the Munsell Color Blog last week. I didn't want to post it here right away in order to give it traction on their blog. Check out the other entries too. Munsell Color Books are used for a wider variety of applications than most archaeologists are aware of. And, they use more than just the 10YR page!

Here is the start of the post:

I first heard of the Munsell Book of Colors when I was at field school in Tanzania.  The trip was organized by Earthwatch and we were digging two trenches in the famous Olduvai Gorge.  Olduvai is famous for fossil hominid remains that have been found there, most notably, by the Leakey family.We had finished our first trench and were setting up to draw the massive two meter tall profile of the back wall.  The trench was shaped like a right triangle with the base at the basalt layer that is the floor of the Gorge and the hypotenuse in line with the angle of repose of the slope we were digging into.  We were going to draw the one meter wide, two meter tall, back wall of the trench and the triangle-shaped side wall.

Read the rest here.

Thanks for reading and I'll see you in the field.

#136 Archaeology 2.0 - Google Glass Concept

Dactyl Nightmare.Do you remember the blocky virtual reality rig that was in malls back in the 90s? You put  this large rig over your head and controlled movement with hand controls. The idea was to walk around while physically turning your body and moving your head. The virtual environment would shift as you moved.

Fast forward to January 9, 2007. Macworld and the unveiling of the iPhone. The iPhone brought augmented reality to the average consumer. Well, a few generations later brought augmented reality. We had to wait for the camera to get better and for the iPhone to get very accurate 3D accelerometers. With these technologies you can look at the world through the lens of the iPhone and have what ever you want projected onto it. The Yelp app can display restaurant reviews over the actual restaurants when viewed through the screen.

Google GlassGoogle Glass. It’s not officially out yet but it’s coming. Google Glass is a device that you wear like sun glasses and they display information in front of you overlaid on the reality that you can see. When tied to a sub-meter GPS (via bluetooth) the possibilities are endless.

For a while now I’ve envisioned recording sites while using Google Glass or some equivalent device. If you have the coordinates and any other information you want in an attribute table that the device can read there is no reason why that information can’t be displayed on the world in front of you. The device would have to know your current position (possible today), your height (possible today), and it’s exact orientation (possible today). That’s it. We can do this right now!

I used the iDraw App for iPad to sketch up some ideas. It seems reasonable that eventually we should be able to send real-time information while recording a site directly to the device wirelessly. As the GIS person completes a point or a polygon that information could go directly to the Crew Chief’s augmented reality device. I’m imagining walking around doing feature descriptions, looking up, and seeing a virtual representation of what’s been done. Check out the representation below.

(c)2012 Chris Webster. iDraw Sketch of Google Glass Previously Recorded Site Location

(c)2012 Chris Webster. iDraw Sketch of Google Glass Previously Recorded Site Location

Now, keep in mind that this is possible now. Or, well, when Google releases the glasses anyway. I heard the Google Glass SDK (software development kit) costs $1,000. So, if someone had that money, and the time, and of course the knowledge, they could develop this right now. It could be ready for when the glasses deploy.

To quote a song from the 80s, “My future’s so bright, I’ve got to wear shades.” The future of archaeology is so bright that we might be wearing augmented reality sun glasses before you know it. Are you ready? You’d better be.

Thanks for reading and I’ll see you in the field!

#135 The Status of DIGTECH

That’s right. DIGTECH. I asked for name suggestions based on certain criteria on a recent blog post. There were some great suggestions in the blog comments and in some LinkedIn groups. The best one, however, came from Dona in one of the comments on the blog. She suggested, “Digital Technologies in Archaeological Research”. I’m changing that only slightly to:

Digital Technologies in Archaeological Consultation

“DIGTECH”

I like it. Now I just have to build a company around it. Anyone want to design a logo?

The first thing I did was get the paperwork started for my permits. To operate in Nevada a company needs at a minimum a Nevada State Museum Antiquities Permit (to work on state and some private land) and a Cultural Resource Use Permit (To work on the rest of the land in this state).

To get the CRUP you need a curation agreement from a curatorial facility. It can be any facility legally able to curate artifacts. Now, I don’t plan to collect artifacts right off the bat. It’s going to be strictly a survey and recording operation. That’s what most archaeology in Nevada is anyway. Conveniently, you can get a curation agreement from the Nevada State Museum. I sent my request in with my request for a permit.

Now, I have to wait for the NSM Curation Agreement to come through. I have to send that in with the CRUP application. In the mean time I’ve been getting other documents in order.

Nevada State Museum DocumentsI also need to officially form the company and get a business license. A business license is a pretty simple thing in Nevada and costs $200 annually. Officially naming the company and creating something like an LLC or incorporating, or something, is another matter. I’m still looking into it. To start looking for clients I’m going to need a Statement of Qualifications (SOQ). It’s basically a document that says I’m awesome, here’s what I’ve done, hire me. Oh, and I need insurance. Probably several million dollars worth. It’s required by most clients and is just a good idea.

The more I think about working for myself the more I realize that there is nothing simple about a “simple survey”. First, I’m going to have to rent a Trimble sub-meter GPS. They cost about $5,000 new and I can’t afford that right now. I can get a cheaper Magellan Mobile Mapper or something similar for as little as $1,000 but I’d rather use a Trimble. Fortunately I found someone in Reno that rents them by the day for about $70.

Next, I’m going to need GIS support. Sure, I can use the free Quantum GIS program in the short term. However, I’m not a GIS guy. I can do the basics but if I do a bigger job it’s just going to be way more efficient if I have someone else do it. That goes along with my philosophy for operating a company. I don’t plan to have formal offices. I plan to have people work from home, or the beach, for that matter, which will greatly reduce costs. The GIS person almost never goes in the field so can really work from anywhere. With a secure DropBox account all I need to do upload the files (which is as simple as dragging them to the shared DropBox folder on my desktop) and they will almost instantly be available to my GIS person. They do the work, save the files in DropBox, and I pay them. Sweet and simple. I put out a request on LinkedIn and received a number of response from exactly they type of people I want: those that can work from home and have the software to do so.

I’ll also need a truck. Eventually I’d like to have a few hybrid SUVs with 10-ply tires. Not yet, though. In the interim I’ll have to rent from Enterprise. They have offices across the state and will do business accounts. I’ve worked for a few companies that used rental trucks and it seems to work out. The cost is passed on to the client but I hope that my digital recording techniques defray that a bit.

Most of the things I’ll need to survey as far as gear goes I already have. I have a digital camera (minimum 10 MP in Nevada), flagging tape, and the other usual supplies. I need to pick up some pin flags, though. I can get those at Home Depot at a good cost.

Even when I have all that together it won’t mean a whole lot if I don’t have any clients. Well, I’m working on that too. That’ll probably go in another post, though.

Thanks for reading and I'll see you in the field!

#134 The Future of the Past

(Real quick...could you occasionally click on one of the ads? They're from Google and are safe. Just need to generate a little revenue for this site so I can keep it on Squarespace. Thanks!)

There’s an article out today from a professor at Western University in Ontario Canada named Elizabeth Greene. She is a Classical Studies professor in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. The article is entitled “The Future of the Past”.

Greene mentions that students always ask her whether everything has already been found. Of course she tells them that there are still many things to find and many questions to answer. The part of the article I want to talk about concerns the following:

Forty years ago, archaeologists weren’t too concerned to take a soil sample of every square meter (sic) of earth they removed the way we are today; or to consider microscopic data such as seeds and pollen analysis to discover new info about landscape and diet of people in the past; nor did they use isotope analysis of teeth to discover where an individual spent their childhood.

Pueblo BonitoA few years ago my wife and I went to Chaco Canyon in New Mexico. The central feature of Chaco Canyon is Pueblo Bonito. It’s a massive, semi-circular, residential Native American complex (~850 AD to ~1100 AD). When the site was visited by explorers over 100 years ago they built fires next to some of the walls where fires had been prehistorically. Of course, they had no idea that the carbon being deposited on the walls would ruin the radiocarbon dating potential of the deposits that were already there. Radiocarbon dating was still at least 60-70 years off.

When I record sites here in the Great Basin they usually aren’t as glamorous as Pueblo Bonito or as full of data potential, however, there is still a lot that can be learned. At my last company there was a tendency to only record what was necessary to determine whether the site was eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or not. There are people there now that will essentially guess at attributes and quantities for large can dumps and complex features. They feel that the site is not important enough to give a detailed recording effort to. I disagree (one of the reasons I was laid off, I’m sure).

Can Scatter, Nevada.When someone determines that a site is not eligible for listing on the NRHP they give the client the go ahead to destroy the site at will. That’s especially true here in the Great Basin where the site will likely be consumed by a massive open pit mine at some point. So, when I record a site, I record as many attributes about the artifacts and features that I can. My feeling is that even though I may not be able to get much out of an artifact right now there may be analytical methods or techniques in the future that will be able to benefit from my recording. Unlike Pueblo Bonito, you can’t go back to many of these sites and record additional information since it will likely have been destroyed.

This is one of the reasons why I want to reduce the cost of site record preparation and report writing time by utilizing digital recording methods. It will allow people to spend more time in the field and less time in the office without charging the client more for the same product. The client can be happy while the archaeologist is ethically satisfied that they did their scientific duty.

We aren’t going to get clients to pay more for our work. They already see us as an impediment to getting their permits and to completing their projects. So, it’s up to us to change the way we do our jobs with the use of technology so we can maintain high ethical and scientific standards while charging the client a fair price at the same time.

Thanks for reading and I’ll see you in the field.

Reference:

Greene, Elizabeth M.

 2012 The Future of the Past. Western News 16 November: http://communications.uwo.ca/western_news/stories/2012/November/future_of_the_past.html. London, Ontario, Canada.


#133 American Antiquity Editor’s Corner V. 77, No. 4

American Antiquity, October 2009 V77, No. 4.The final installment of this year’s American Antiquity begins with an “Editor’s Corner” segment from the journal’s new editor, Kenneth Sassaman. He talks about what he’s done so far and, more importantly, about some of the changes he wants to make.

Sassaman begins be saying that although he officially took over the editing job at the close of business of the SAA Annual meeting in Memphis last April he actually started reviewing submissions around the first of this year. Manuscripts that he has reviewed will start to appear in the January 2013 edition of the journal. Let that sink in for a moment. One year after acceptance “some” articles will be in the January edition. That’s 12 months! Now, for a peer-reviewed journal this is a standard turn-around time and is expected in the scientific community as a whole. Sassaman proposed a few ideas that would increase the number of articles per journal and therefore decrease the acceptance-to-publication time. First let me give you the numbers for the October 2012 issue.

There are six articles, four reports, and two comments within 196 pages in the October 2012 edition of American Antiquity. The average time for an article from submission to publication was 20 months. For reports it was 21 months. Since the journal can’t really control the amount of time an author takes revise an article or a report let’s look at Sassaman’s accepted-to-publication numbers. For articles the average was 13 months and for reports it was 12 months. The reports number is a bit low, however. For some reason one report was accepted in April of this year and only had a seven month turn around from acceptance to publication. If you throw out that number as an outlier the average goes up to 14 months for the remaining articles.

It’s admirable that Sassaman would like to decrease the amount of time from acceptance to publication and that he wants to increase the number of articles, reports, and comments in each journal, however, there is a bigger problem. I imagine that for most of the articles and reports the average time for writing was at least several months. Articles for journals such as American Antiquity are likely heavily scrutinized prior to submission and that takes time. Also, who knows how long the research took! The article may represent a season of research or the culmination of a multi-year research project. What this means is that by the time you read the article in American Antiquity the research itself is at least two years old and is likely way older than that.

In this age of Twitter, blogging, and digital media, what is the likelihood that the people poised to benefit from the article or report haven’t already heard of the results of the project? Hell they’ve probably already talked to the authors since archaeology in particular is such a small, close-knit, community. I understand that for the research to be cited and commented on it has to eventually be published. I just don’t understand why it has to take so long? If the article has been accepted why does it have to wait an entire year before it sees the light of day in the publication? The answer is that American Antiquity should have an online version so more articles and reports can make it to the scientific community and eventually to the public. We’re already paying for this journal. How much more would it cost to put articles online?

Sassaman’s answer to the publication problem is to reduce the number of words per entry which will allow for 30% more papers per issue. He is advising limits of 10,000 words for articles, 3,000 words for reports, and 1,000 words for comments. Those numbers include the abstract, the text, notes, and references cited. Sassaman believes that the acceptance to publication time can be shortened to just six months of this policy is adhered to. He also says that articles over 10,000 words will not be rejected if it really takes a few thousand more words to make your point. According the Sassaman, the current average for articles is about 12,000 words.

Personally I think the comments section can be moved entirely online. That would allow for more comments to be published by the author and whomever is commenting on the research. It would also allow for others to informally comment on the research and for the authors to get feedback much more quickly than waiting for publication.

Ultimately the answer for all print journals and publications will be to move online. There are plenty of ways to do this while still keeping their paywalls in place. The SAA has even figured out how to do that already. For current subscribers you can access the journal on the SAA website in full right when it is published. What's stopping them from adding content that didn't fit in the print version?

I’m not sure journals like American Antiquity will ever be truly free. They could, however, reduce the time the journal can be accessed online. Currently, JSTOR has the October 2009 issue as the latest one available. That’s three years back. Keeping in mind the discussion above on how long it takes an article to go from research to publication, articles in that October 2009 issue could actually be five years old or more! Just as an example, an article randomly picked from that issue was submitted on April 18, 2008. It’s time for things to change.

What do you think? Is there value in American Antiquity anymore? Or, are you only using articles from open access publications? Are you be more inclined to read AA articles online or do you still enjoy seeing those black spines lining your bookshelf? I have to admit, I do like getting the journal in the mail. There’s just something about it that makes me almost feel like a real archaeologist. Almost. Of course, I realize that print is dead. My dream is a Minority Report style interface where I can wave through my publications, including articles, books, and whatever else, and collect then in a single location for review. That’s possible now but it’s way too expensive for most archaeologists to afford. The closest I can come right now is with Evernote.

As I said above, the last three years of the journal, including the current issue, are available online at the SAA website. You have to be an SAA member, of course, but you can search the journals and download PDFs. They only have three years back because beyond that they are in JSTOR. Nice. Another paywall.

(I think I need to be peer reviewed. Maybe just reviewed, by anyone. I read these over several times and I still find spelling or grammatical errors after publishing. Ridiculous. I like that spell check wanted to change Sassaman to either Assassin or Sassafras.)

Thanks for reading and I’ll see you in the field.

#132 What's in a Name?

(c) 2012 Chris Webster Miner's Tent House, Central Nevada Museum, Tonapah, NVMy new-found freedom has inspired me to pursue a dream I’ve had for a while now. I’ve always wanted to own my own business. Maybe it’s part of the American dream but I really just want to be able to call the shots, make my own mistakes, and be responsible for my own success. I think everyone does, really.

Ever since I got into archaeology I’ve worked for numerous people that had no business being in a leadership position. Don’t get me wrong, I’ve worked for some really great people too. The main problem is that I have standards that are way too high. I always expect more out of people, and companies, and I’m disappointed when they don’t live up to those standards. I just feel that the archaeology deserves only the best treatment. 

We are responsible for the heritage and history of the people of the world. It’s an intense responsibility and it shouldn’t be taken lightly. When I see people mistreating an archaeological site and being disrespectful it really pisses me off. We don’t have a nine to five job where we punch a clock and look forward to Friday. No. We have a great responsibility and we should respect that. I may have swerved off track.

My point is that the only way I can ensure that my standards are met are if I’m the one setting the standards. So, I started the paperwork required here in Nevada to pursue contracts on my own. It’s actually a simple process as long as you’re qualified. I just need to come up with a name.

I have three basic requirements for a name. I also need a catchy slogan but I can come up with that later. But first, the name.

(c) 2012 Chris Webster - Using an iPhone as a Line Level. Not having much success.I’ve always wanted to have a business with my name on it. I’m not sure archaeology is the place for it, though. I’d like to build a business that can grow and expand to include other principle players. I’d rather they felt welcome to put forth ideas at will and that might not be the case for some if my name was on the stationary. So, the first requirement for a name is one that does not include my last name and is inclusive of others in the company. I’d also like to keep regional titles out of the name. I don’t want to take “Reno Archaeological Services” to Colorado. You get the idea.

The second requirement concerns my commitment to technology. I’d really like to see the word “digital” in the name. This company will not be like other companies in that we would do as much without paper and offices as possible. I think it can be done. I’d like the name to convey that principle as much as possible.

The final requirement is that the name have a good acronym. Companies, archaeology and otherwise, are more memorable when they either have one word titles or catchy acronyms. Prove me wrong! Look at some of the successful companies in this country: Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Walmart (I hate them but they’re still successful), Walgreens, and others. You get the point. Alliteration aside “Hank’s House of Hammers” doesn’t exactly roll off the tongue.

Here are a few of the ideas I’ve had:

 

  • Digital Archaeological Research
  • Next Generation Archaeology: Bringing Consulting into the 21st Century
  • Digital Archaeological Consulting
  • We Do Archaeology Good; even Gooder than the Other Guys!

 

I’m not too sure about one of those. It would be great to have a name with an acronym of “DIG” or something like that. I can’t come up with anything, though.

OK. So, if you have any ideas, feel free to leave them in the comments. Also, if you feel that I have no business doing archaeology and that I should just go get a job a Starbucks, you can leave those comments at the Chambers Group, Inc., Facebook page.

Thanks for reading and I’ll see you in the field!

#131 Fun Times in the Field

Random sheep near one of the sites at the mine mentioned later.This is a long story but I hope it’s entertaining and instructive. I usually don’t go over 1,000 words and this is one exception.

Last week my PI told me about a project that we have been doing every year for the past couple years. He said it was a photo monitoring project. I’d honestly never heard of such a thing and was intrigued. Turns out the client has land leased from the Forest Service and there are three sites that we are monitoring from year to year. We simply have to go out, take photos in the same direction from certain GPS points and write down any adverse conditions such as erosion, cattle trails, and looting. Pretty simple really. Turns out that was the last simple thing about this project.

We ended up waiting several days for a response from the Forest Service representative giving us clearance to work out there. They wanted us out there prior to October 31st and ended up giving us the clearance on October 29th. Nice. Thanks for the notice.

Since I didn’t know when I’d be going in the field it was difficult to find someone to go with me (for safety) on such short notice. I called someone on Friday whom we have on the books but she never called me back. I called someone on Monday that usually works for us and he said he was never working for the company again. We have someone on the staff that keeps alienating people but somehow he is loved by corporate. It’s truly baffling. I ended up finding someone to go with me but we had to delay to Tuesday.

GMC TerrainThe luck I was having on the project continued at Enterprise Car Rentals. All the company trucks were out so I had to get a rental. We asked, as we always do, for a four wheel drive truck. They had a Hyundai Tucson waiting for me. That wouldn’t do. It’s too small and it’s not 4WD. They had another vehicle, a GMC Terrain, but had to drive me to the southern end of Reno to get it, making me late getting back to the office.

Now, the keys for this SUV are the switch-blade style. That means there is a large remote with a key that flips out with the push of a button. The unit, with the key closed, is large and bulky. Not only that but there were two of them and a large Enterprise ID tag all attached together. They were attached with an impenetrable Enterprise key ring that I usually have clipped. That way I can put the keys in different places for safety. Usually. I didn’t do it this time. That will come into play later in our story.

One of the keys to the TerrainWe left Reno shortly after getting the vehicle and stayed the night in Elko, Nevada. The trip out and the evening were uneventful.

Joan, the Environmental Rep at the mine wanted us out there by 6 am to have site specific training. We had to leave Elko by 4:30 am just to get out there on time. It turns out that the “site specific” training was a sheet of paper with safety topics listed on it. Many of the mines in the area have a three to four hour safety training program. Not this mine. None of those pesky safety concerns for them. No indeed. After sitting at the mine office for over an hour waiting for the sun to come up we headed out to do our jobs.

The Brunton EclipseThe three sites were on the other side of the 125 square mile mine property and took about 30-40 minutes to get to. The first site went pretty smoothly. My colleague was finding the points, taking the photos, and giving me the information which I was keeping on my iPad. As a side note, I had to show him how to use my Brunton Eclipse compass since it’s not initially intuitive but I had a problem. When I was trying to get it to point north, the needle wouldn’t move. Then, I realized that my fingerless mitten-ended gloves had magnets in them. Nice.

The second site ended up having a locked gate on the access road right off the haul road. So, we hopped the gate and proceeded up the road. I realized a few hundred feet up the road that I’d forgotten some reference material and headed back for it. I grabbed the binder from the truck, locked the door, and hopped back over the gate.

We had about a 1,000 m walk to the site over some rough terrain and mostly on a two-track road. We cut through some brush near the beginning of the hike but the rest of the journey went smoothly. Dendroglyph. Likely Basque.The photos at the second site went well and there were some great dendroglyphs as well. The one in this post is likely a Basque production. They liked to carve naked women into trees and peck them onto boulders. I’m not really sure why, although, lonely sheepherders out in the mountains probably made their own fun.

About half way up the steep hill to the truck I realized the keys weren’t in my pocket anymore. We decided to keep going because we figured they fell out when I’d hopped the gate near the truck. They weren’t at the gate. They weren’t at the truck. They weren’t on the road to the site and they weren’t on the site, at each photo point, checked several times. They weren’t anywhere, in fact. We looked for at least two hours and then for another hour when Joan showed back up. I’ve honestly never seen anything like it. They were just gone.

In 37 years I’ve never lost a set of keys to anything. My guess is that the bulky keys on the huge key ring must have worked their way up my pocket and been snagged by some brush. The brush likely flung the keys some distance. It’s the only theory that makes sense.

About an hour before we gave up I’d called Enterprise and their Roadside Assistance line. Their first thought was to try to open the doors with OnStar. It didn’t work. We were in too remote a location. Also, they thought the keys might actually be inside the truck. I, as a scientist, could’t rule out the possibility. However, I was about 99 percent sure the keys weren’t in there. Either way, Enterprise said they were sending a tow truck that we’d have to meet at the entrance to the mine and then escort to the truck.

In the mean time, I had Joan drive us to the third site so we could at least finish the project on time. I felt bad enough wasting time looking for the keys that I at least wanted to finish the field work without coming back a second day. We finished the site and Joan took us to the main gate.

After about 30 minutes the guy from the tow truck company showed up. He wasn’t, however, driving a tow truck. He was in a regular truck. See, Enterprise told him to go get the doors unlocked because they were convinced the keys were inside. Ha! Well, we drove all the way out to the truck and he got the doors open. Of course, the keys were not inside. What was inside was the water and food that we’d left. It was about 4pm and neither of us had eaten or drank anything since 5 am. After he got the doors open the tow company owner called his son and told him to bring the flatbed out.

When we’d arrived at the gate I sent my colleague back to Elko and the hotel with the tow truck guy. There was no reason for both of us to stay a few more hours. Also, we had a crew on a different project in Elko and he could hang out with them. I waited another hour for the flatbed to show up. In the mean time I finished the report for the project so all was not lost.

Going up on the flatbed.I ended up getting back to the hotel at about 9 pm after a 16.5 hour day. I felt like crap and never intended to even bill all of my hours for the day. The next day we waited for several hours for Enterprise to get us a new vehicle and we went home. We only made one stop because I didn’t want to waste any more of the company’s or the client’s time. I knew I was going to get flack for this for quite some time.

When I got back to the office we unloaded the truck and put the gear away. I’d learned a lesson about getting those keys separated and will never leave Enterprise without having them separate the keys again. At least I’d finished the report, the photo log, and the photo pages before ever getting back to the office thanks to my iPad.

Since I’d never intended to spend so much time away and since I’d spent an extra night in a hotel I feel I did the ethical thing by sacrificing some of my time to the company. It was only right.

Oh, and they laid me off within 20 minutes of coming through the door. Said the company was restructuring and that my skill set did not fit the future of the office. Jack asses. I guess they don’t need someone that can lead crews, run projects, write reports, is a master at MS Word, is organized, and is not a drunk.

Thanks for sticking through this one and I’ll see you in the field.